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2022, Número S3

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Cardiovasc Metab Sci 2022; 33 (S3)


Una revisión de las terapias no farmacológicas y farmacológicas para tratar la hipertensión arterial

Chávez-Mendoza A, Pazos-Pérez F, Pavía-López AA

Idioma: Inglés [English version]
Referencias bibliográficas: 43
Paginas: s223-232
Archivo PDF: 234.09 Kb.


RESUMEN

A pesar de la amplia disponibilidad de opciones terapéuticas para tratar la hipertensión arterial (HTA) en el mercado y en los sistemas sanitarios, hay una baja proporción de pacientes que alcanzan los objetivos de presión arterial. En este trabajo se revisan las medidas no farmacéuticas esenciales, junto con los enfoques farmacológicos actuales y novedosos que se han recomendado en el tratamiento de la HTA. En resumen, la pérdida de peso, aumento de la actividad física, disminución del sodio y el potasio mediante los regímenes DASH y mediterráneo, junto con el cese del consumo de tabaco, son intervenciones no farmacológicas ampliamente probadas que han demostrado un impacto en la disminución de la presión arterial. En cuanto a los enfoques farmacológicos, la mayoría de ellos se han centrado en el sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (SRAA), por lo que los inhibidores de la enzima convertidora de angiotensina (IECA) y los bloqueadores de los receptores de angiotensina (BRA) son los antihipertensivos más utilizados, además de ser estrategias rentables para disminuir la presión arterial. La combinación de diversos medicamentos antihipertensivos también ha demostrado ser un buen enfoque cuando las formulaciones se implementan dentro de la administración de una sola píldora. No obstante, la combinación diversa con otros regímenes antihipertensivos debe individualizarse en función de las características clínicas de cada paciente. Por último, se están estudiando nuevas estrategias para el manejo de la HTA en el futuro.


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