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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2022, Número 2

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Med Int Mex 2022; 38 (2)


Síndromes mielodisplásicos: una actualización para el médico no hematólogo

Hernández-Sómerson MA, Huertas-Rodríguez G, Medina-Lee LD, Ortiz-Arroyo J, Pabón-Barrera J, Escobar-Sáenz JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 39
Paginas: 366-377
Archivo PDF: 487.89 Kb.


RESUMEN

Los síndromes mielodisplásicos constituyen un grupo heterogéneo de neoplasias que afectan las células madre hematopoyéticas con riesgo de leucemia mieloide aguda. Su manifestación clínica es altamente variable y deben sospecharse ante citopenias persistentes sin causa clara. La pieza angular del diagnóstico es la biopsia de médula ósea, en la que cambios displásicos en una o más líneas celulares, la existencia de sideroblastos en anillo, el número de blastos y el estudio citogenético permiten clasificar esta enfermedad en seis subtipos diferentes. En la actualidad se dispone de escalas para la estimación del pronóstico que permiten la elección adecuada del tratamiento basado en la supervivencia y el riesgo de llegar a padecer leucemia mieloide aguda. Este trabajo actualiza la bibliografía disponible con respecto al diagnóstico, la clasificación, las escalas de pronóstico y el tratamiento de los síndromes mielodisplásicos con el objetivo de proporcionar al médico no hematólogo herramientas que permitan detectarlos tempranamente y remitir al médico hematólogo para un tratamiento oportuno.


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