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ISSN 0028-3851 (Impreso)

2021, Número 2

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Rev Neurol Neurocir Psiquiat 2021; 49 (2)


Trastorno de adicción a Internet y comorbilidades en niños y adolescentes

Bakhtadze S, Kvachadze I, Khachapuridze N, Nadiradze T

Idioma: Ingles.
Referencias bibliográficas: 50
Paginas: 57-65
Archivo PDF: 173.24 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: El trastorno de adicción a Internet (TAI) se caracteriza por la incapacidad de un individuo para controlar su uso de Internet, lo que puede dar lugar a un marcado malestar y a un deterioro funcional. Las revisiones sistemáticas muestran que el exceso de tiempo frente a la pantalla se asocia negativamente con el bienestar y positivamente con la reducción de la calidad de vida en los jóvenes. Cada vez hay más pruebas de que el TAI está relacionado con comorbilidades como la depresión, pero se sabe relativamente poco sobre la fatiga en los adolescentes con TAI. Material y métodos: Se estudiaron 94 participantes con TAI y 88 controles, todos ellos de 12 a 17 años de edad. La depresión se evaluó con la escala del inventario de depresión de Beck (BDI-II, versión georgiana), y la fatiga con la escala de fatiga multidimensional de la iniciativa de calidad de vida pediátrica (PEDS QL, versión georgiana). Resultados: Los adolescentes con TAI grave tienen 5.63 veces más probabilidades de mostrar síntomas de depresión moderada o grave que los niños con adicción a Internet leve o moderada. Los niños con adicción grave a Internet mostraron 6.62 veces más fatiga cognitiva, 7.81 veces más fatiga de sueño/descanso y 11.11 veces más fatiga general que los niños con adicción leve y moderada a Internet. Conclusiones: El TAI puede provocar depresión y fatiga, lo que puede afectar al bienestar psicológico y social de los adolescentes. Se necesitan mecanismos de prevención y apoyo continuo para los adolescentes y sus familias. Se necesitan más investigaciones para aclarar la relación entre el TAI y la depresión, es decir, ¿la adicción a Internet conduce a la depresión o la depresión en sí misma es un factor de riesgo para el TAI? Otra limitación es que el TAI se trató como una sola entidad en lugar de dos tipos distintos (TAI generalizado y específico).


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