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2022, Número 1

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Sal Jal 2022; 9 (1)


Síndromes neuropsiquiátricos asociados a encefalitis autoinmune

López-Sandoval MA, Aldana-López JA

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 47
Paginas: 35-44
Archivo PDF: 283.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

Las encefalitis autoinmunes son condiciones en donde la generación de autoanticuerpos antineuronales produce una severa inflamación del cerebro, que se manifiesta a través de un amplio espectro de expresiones clínicas que van desde la epilepsia, hasta trastornos del movimiento y diversos síndromes psiquiátricos; Pueden afectar tanto a población pediátrica como adulta, y suelen estar relacionadas con distintas etiologías (paraneoplásicas, parainfecciosas, criptogénicas). A pesar de ser consideradas enfermedades raras y poco reconocibles, su sospecha oportuna como diagnóstico diferencial, puede permitir el inicio temprano de la inmunoterapia, que, junto a la titulación de autoanticuerpos, son los factores pronósticos más relevantes en el curso de la enfermedad. Este artículo sumariza los hallazgos fisiopatológicos, las características de los síndromes neuropsiquiátricos asociados a distintos autoanticuerpos antineuronas, el abordaje diagnóstico y terapéutico.


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