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2021, Número 6

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Rev Fac Med UNAM 2021; 64 (6)


Autofagia en las células beta pancreáticas y su papel en la diabetes mellitus tipo 2

Velázquez-Paniagua M, González-Sánchez I, Díaz-Tamariz A, García-Peláez MI, Ángeles-Aguilar LL, Ayala-Orta SX, de Jesús-Javier A, Coronel-Cruz C

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 56
Paginas: 9-25
Archivo PDF: 492.48 Kb.


RESUMEN

La autofagia es un mecanismo crucial para el funcionamiento y supervivencia de las células beta pancreáticas. Su desregulación se ha asociado a obesidad, resistencia a la insulina e intolerancia a la glucosa. Más aún, se ha reportado que la autofagia disminuida en las células beta secretoras de insulina contribuye al desarrollo de la diabetes mellitus tipo 2 (DMT2), la cual constituye alrededor del 95% de todos los casos de diabetes y es una enfermedad metabólica crónica que actualmente afecta a millones de personas en todo el mundo. En diferentes modelos de roedores ya sea diabéticos o con obesidad, se ha observado que el tratamiento con potenciadores de la autofagia disminuye los niveles de glucosa, incrementa la sensibilidad a la insulina y protege a las células beta de la apoptosis. De lo anterior, recientemente se ha propuesto realizar una intervención temprana en los pacientes con DMT2, utilizando fármacos que promuevan la autofagia, lo cual podría ayudar a preservar la masa de las células beta y prevenir la progresión de la enfermedad. Esta revisión provee un panorama general de la importancia del proceso fisiológico de la autofagia y su inminente participación en el desarrollo de la DMT2.


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