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2020, Número 4

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Revista Cubana de Obstetricia y Ginecología 2020; 46 (4)


Obesidad, inflamación y embarazo, una tríada peligrosa

Miguel-Soca PE, Feria DGE, González BSN, Leyva MMÁ

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 63
Paginas: 1-26
Archivo PDF: 560.06 Kb.


RESUMEN

Introducción: La obesidad, es un estado común durante la etapa pregestacional y el embarazo, la cual representa una condición peligrosa para la salud materno-infantil por sus notables complicaciones obstétricas y perinatales a corto y largo plazo.
Objetivo: Describir los vínculos patogénicos de la triada obesidad, inflamación y embarazo.
Métodos: Esta revisión bibliográfica se realizó principalmente en PubMed Central, SciELO y ClinicalKey, con los descriptores obesity, inflammation y pregnancy.
Análisis y síntesis de la información: Entre los efectos desfavorables de la obesidad se encuentran abortos, diabetes gestacional, hipertensión, macrostomia, parto pretérmino, anomalías congénitas y muerte fetal. A largo plazo se asocia también con trastornos metabólicos y enfermedades en las madres y su descendencia. Estos efectos desfavorables se relacionan con un estado de inflamación crónica de bajo grado que acompaña el exceso de peso corporal. En este proceso inflamatorio juegan un papel importante el tejido adiposo y la placenta con la secreción excesiva de citoquinas proinflamatorias y la reducción de citoquinas antiinflamatorias. Dos mediadores como la leptina y la adiponectina tienen papeles cruciales.
Conclusiones: Aunque no se conocen bien los mecanismos que vinculan los efectos negativos de la obesidad sobre el embarazo, es probable que la inflamación crónica de bajo grado sea el vínculo principal, por tanto, la tríada obesidad, inflamación y embarazo representa una relación peligrosa para la salud maternofetal.


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