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2020, Número 4

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Rev Cub Oftal 2020; 33 (4)


Tomografía de coherencia óptica macular en el diagnóstico y seguimiento del glaucoma

Arzuaga HE, Piloto DI, Fumero GFY, Domínguez RM, Batista PM

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 31
Paginas: 1-19
Archivo PDF: 562.27 Kb.


RESUMEN

El glaucoma es una neuropatía óptica caracterizada por la pérdida de células ganglionares de la retina y sus axones. Constituye la primera causa de ceguera irreversible a nivel mundial; por lo tanto, la detección oportuna y el monitoreo continuo es de vital importancia. El grosor de la capa de la fibra nerviosa retiniana circumpapilar, medido mediante tomografía de coherencia óptica, es la principal estrategia de evaluación estructural utilizada en el diagnóstico del glaucoma. Sin embargo, considerando que la mácula es el área retiniana relacionada con la visión central y contiene el 50 % de las células ganglionares de la retina, medir el grosor macular parece ser una buena opción para detectar precozmente la muerte de estas células. En esta revisión exponemos los antecedentes, la justificación anatómica, los protocolos y los principales artefactos de la tomografía de coherencia óptica macular en la atención del glaucoma. Además, ofrecemos un enfoque actualizado sobre cómo usar estas exploraciones en la práctica clínica.


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