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Colegio de Medicina Interna de México.

2021, Número 5

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Med Int Mex 2021; 37 (5)


Implicaciones cardiovasculares, hematológicas y renales del COVID-19

Cabello-Ganem A, Espino-Rojas MF, Ramírez-Perea F, López-Ávila A

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 91
Paginas: 813-826
Archivo PDF: 344.59 Kb.


RESUMEN

La enfermedad por coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) es causada por el coronavirus tipo 2 del síndrome respiratorio agudo severo (SARS-CoV-2). Aunque la mayor parte de las investigaciones y el manejo de los pacientes se ha enfocado en el aspecto respiratorio, es sumamente importante tomar en cuenta las manifestaciones extrapulmonares del COVID-19, que pueden llegar a ser letales. Por ello, esta revisión se enfoca en tres sistemas estrechamente relacionados y afectados por SARS-CoV-2: cardiovascular, renal y hematológico. SARS-CoV-2 entra a las células mediante la enzima convertidora de angiotensina 2 (ACE2), un regulador esencial del sistema renina-angiotensina-aldosterona (RAAS) que se ha caracterizado en múltiples enfermedades cardiovasculares y renales. La hiperinflamación en COVID-19 afecta la función de estos sistemas mediante disfunción microvascular, hipercoagulabilidad, arritmias y lesión renal. Cabe resaltar la importancia de los diferentes marcadores multisistémicos, ya que se ha demostrado que éstos son predictores de gravedad y de gran utilidad en el tratamiento de pacientes con COVID-19 para evitar futuras complicaciones relacionadas con la enfermedad.


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