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2003, Number 1

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Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2003; 41 (1)

Neuronal Plasticity. Part 1

Aguilar RF

Language: Spanish
References: 59
Page: 55-64
PDF size: 236.55 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Evidence of functional recovery after brain damage has been known empirically from many centuries ago. Neuronal plasticity can refer to adaptative adjustments of the central nervous system (CNS) and brain capacity to diminish effects of lesions by means of modifying structural and functional changes in its internal or external milieu. In addition, plastic events cannot include changes in structure, distribution, and number of synapses suggested to underlie long-term memory formation. Knowledge of neural bases of function and dysfunction facilitates understanding changes in the brain-damaged patient has made possible the development of effective rehabilitation procedures. The end of the 20th century promises to introduce important insights into the mechanism of secondary neuronal damage, and at same time we will be able to understand this process to prevent or reverse cell death. In addition this article revises postulated mechanisms of reorganization of function, such as unmasking the development of extra synaptic receptors, sprouting, trophy factors, synapsins, neurotransmitters, etc. Damage and brain plasticity are observed mainly in childhood. In adulthood, neural restoration is not comparative with children; nevertheless, these plastic changes are found at any age, and functional gains occur years after the lesion.


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