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ISSN 0016-3813 (Impreso)

2002, Número 6

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Gac Med Mex 2002; 138 (6)


Modificaciones epigenéticas de la cromatina en la generación de cáncer

Arenas-Huertero F, Recillas-Targa F

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 59
Paginas: 547-555
Archivo PDF: 359.36 Kb.


RESUMEN

Hoy en día, la cromatina representa más que una estructura teñida diferencialmente en el núcleo. Es un nivel de organización que permite regular muchos genes a lo largo del ciclo de vida de los organismos eucariontes. Puede utilizar diferentes modificaciones epigenéticas como: metilación del DNA, acetilación/desacetilación y metilación de histonas así como la participación de los complejos de remodelación SWI/SNF. Algunas enfermedades tienen su origen en las alteraciones de algún componente que participa en organizar y/o modificar la cromatina: las enfermedades neoplásicas no son la excepción. La inactivación de promotores de genes supresores de tumor por metilación del DNA puede iniciar el evento neoplásico. La alteración del balance de la acetilación/desacetilación es uno de los eventos dominantes en algunas leucemias y es casi exclusivo para iniciar el fenotipo leucémico. La expresión de genes parentales, que no son inactivados por "imprinting", está asociada con 70% de los casos de tumores de Wilms y 20% de los casos esporádicos de cáncer de colon. Esto permite impulsar el estudio de la estructura de la cromatina en cáncer, la aplicación de compuestos que la pueden modificar para mejorar los efectos de la quimioterapia y radioterapia, abriendo paso a la "Terapia Cromatínica".


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