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Órgano Oficial de Difusión Científica de la Federación Mexicana de Colegios de Ortopedia y Traumatología, A.C. (FEMECOT)

2014, Número 4

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Ortho-tips 2014; 10 (4)


Evidencia científica de los factores de crecimiento en cirugía ortopédica y traumatología

Fernández-Fairen M, Gutiérrez-Gómez J, Hernández-Vaquero D, Torres-Pérez AI, Sueiro-Fernández J

Idioma: Español
Referencias bibliográficas: 100
Paginas: 235-257
Archivo PDF: 248.67 Kb.


RESUMEN

En el ámbito de la ortopedia, ha sido revisada sistemática y críticamente la literatura existente en relación con los factores de crecimiento utilizados de forma específica (GF) o inespecífica, como el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP) para discernir el nivel de evidencia científica, el riesgo/beneficio y el grado posible de recomendación de los procedimientos terapéuticos en los que actualmente se utiliza para la medicina deportiva. Los factores de crecimiento (GF), en específico las proteínas morfogénicas de hueso (BMP’s), se extraen de la fórmula blanca de la sangre y también se encuentran disponibles comercialmente de forma recombinante por medio de la medicina genómica. Otras formas de obtención de factores de crecimiento son por medio de centrifugación de la sangre, en donde se obtienen concentrados de múltiples factores de crecimiento como el plasma rico en plaquetas (PRP). Los factores de crecimiento son benéficos en lesiones tendinosas crónicas, excepto en lesiones de ligamento cruzado anterior (LCA), en osteoartrosis de rodilla, en pseudoartrosis de huesos largos y en fusiones posterolaterales en columna lumbar. En la literatura no hay evidencia suficiente para recomendar el uso de factores de crecimiento en lesiones musculares, artrodesis de columna vertebral cervical, artroplastias ni en patologías pediátricas como pseudoartrosis congénita de tibia ni en la elongación ósea de la acondroplasia. Cada caso es particular y el beneficio obtenido depende de la forma específica en la que se obtiene y aplica cada factor de crecimiento. Por lo tanto, no se recomienda generalizar el uso de factores de crecimiento para tratamiento de lesiones óseas, musculares y articulares.


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